Ideological Development of the Conservative Party Coursework

Ideological Development of the Conservative Party - Coursework Example It is through these policies that the party has managed to achieve many of it successes. However, the policies are amended on several occasions. These have come because of defeats and successes in the political journey. With each new leadership of the party, new ideologies, strategies and policies arise. The modern conservative party under the leadership of David Cameron describes what the party has become in recent times. Before 1975, the conservative party held on to traditional pragmatism and strongly believed in the one state conservatism. Conservatism originated from Edmund Burke. He expressed his beliefs and ideas, which were philosophical but applied them politically. He formed the new principle of conservatism based on his understanding of nature, and definition of society. According to him, civil institutions had a religious origin. He believed societal progress was purely divine and that the state was an institution meant to help man govern himself better. Therefore, indivi duals holding public office had the obligation to govern from a divine origin. He urged them to hold office with honesty. The one state conservatism had two aspects: social and political. The social aspect of the one state conservatism sought to ensure that there existed an inclusion system. Inclusion involved ensuring that economically and socially, all had access to advances. The party sought to end the alienation suffered by some groups in society. The alienations affected the groups that immediate actions had to be taken. Politically, the one state conservatism sought to introduce a coalition in terms of support. The one state conservatism believed in the existence of a state and elaborated the responsibilities of the state. This conservatism concentrated on social aspects of the people. In 1975, Margaret Thatcher became the party leader and sought to redefine the ideologies established by her predecessors. In efforts to redefine her ideologies, Thatcher started by first establi shing a new definition for conservatism. According to her, conservatism was supposed to start from an individualistic point of view. She narrowed down society to individuals who had their unique needs. It was logical then to address the individual needs of each person before going to families and later to the community. Being an enthusiastic woman, she challenged the traditional pragmatism that change needed to be m taken slowly. In her idealism, change could be as well as be radical. Due to her enthusiasm for change, the ideologies of her time received the name ‘thatcherian agenda’. She did not support the gradual approach to change. She had the determination to put her ideologies into practice. During her period, Thatcher believed in practical politics. Her agenda was touched on classical liberalism, neo-liberalism, and free market (Ingle, 2008:34). Just like any other leader, Hatcher faced criticism on her agenda because some analysts thought that her ideas countered each other at some point. In fact, some people seem fully opposed to her ideas. However, her long reign gave her enough time to establish some of her ideologies and thus she gained popularity. Due to her liberal ideas, she was a vessel for the establishment of free markets. Further, she advocated for privatization of industries. Throughout her period, she achieved much. Her greatest achievement was the reduction of strikes by enforcing strong policies on unions.

Application of Research in Human Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application of Research in Human Services - Essay Example In the United States, the origin of human services is traceable back to the charitable activities that groups undertook during the colonial period. These groups include the religious and civic organizations that existed during this time. Nevertheless, human services were not considered as a serious academic discipline until 1960s. Academicians during this era saw the significance of human services as an ideology that would revolutionize human service delivery and professionalism (Sundel et al., 1999). As stated earlier, the main objective of human service as a academic discipline is increasing the efficiency of service delivery. Other objectives of human service include the re-education and sharpening of professions involved in the traditional service delivery. These traditional helping professional, through human service, adopt a humanistic approach in service delivery; implementing humanistic psychology during service delivery. Furthermore, human service also improves the accountability of these professionals to the communities they are supposed to serve (Neukrug, 1994). Service delivery professionals are able to take responsibility in the organizations they serve and implement appropriate systems that take into consideration the population they are serving. Finally, human service advocates that service delivery professionals to be involved in social change that aims to improve society as a whole. Nursing, education, law, medicine, social work and other traditional academic programs were resistant in adopting the human service approach during service delivery. The reason they were resistant stemmed from the fact that this new ideology challenged the professional status of these academic programs (Sundel et al., 1999). However, this was not the case because human services aimed at encouraging these traditional professions in promoting social change. Human service programs branch into homeless youths, youth development programs, community collaborations among

The Civil Rights Movement Of 1960s History Essay

The Civil Rights Movement Of 1960s History Essay The United States Supreme Court commands no armies, create no laws, and, generally, has no affiliations with the politics. However, its written opinions often change the course of American History. On May 17th, 1954 , the United States Supreme Court made the unanimous decision on the case Brown v. Board of Education Topeka, Kansas, 347 U.S. 483  [1]  , that declared segregation of white and Negro children in public schools denies Negro children the equal protection guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution even though physical facilities and other tangible factors of white and Negro schools may be equal.  [2]   One widely accepted claim is that the ruling of Brown played an important role in deeply influencing the civil rights movement. For blacks, the ruling of Brown had an ensuring effect that the federal government is on our side.  [3]  Julius Chamberss teenage memories of Brown is a reflection of this; we assumed that Brown was self-executing. The law had been announced, and people would have to obey it. Wasnt that how things worked in America, even in white America?.  [4]  A federal judge and a leading legal scholar, J. Harvie Wilkinson III, declared that Very little could have been accomplished in mid-century America without the Supreme CourtBrown maybe the most important political, social and legal event in Americas twentieth century history.  [5]  Many scholars, like Wilkinson, agree that the decision made by the Supreme Court and other court cases such as Brown II, Sarah Key v. Carolina Coach Company, and Browder v. Gayle that followed Brown dramatically improved the legal status of Americans by deeply influencing the civil rights movement.  [6]  It is evident that the Supreme Court decision on Brown had a deep symbolic impact on people. However, many other forces perhaps much more powerful than Brown also contributed to the paving of civil rights movement. The United States having helped in the defeat of Adolf Hitler a European leader who had practiced antisemitism, and persecuted many people who he believed were inferior to his German master race left many Americans repulsed by his racial policies  [7]  . This was a major cause for Americans to look at their own society with a critical lens. Shortly after the ruling of Brown, the civil rights movement gained considerable momentum.  [8]  Demonstrations such as the sit-ins of Greensboro, North Carolina and the bus boycott of Montgomery, Alabama are a reflection of the quickened civil rights movement. Michael Klarman, a constitutional law scholar, argued that political, economic, social, demographic, and intellectual forces in the 1940s and 1950s were already liberalizing race relations in the United States, even in the South. These changes would have undermined Jim Crow perhaps with less white bitterness regardless of Supreme Court intervention.  [9]  Forces mentioned ab ove had already increased optimism in the society, prior to the decision of Brown, causing racial beliefs to slowly decline. It is acceptable to claim that Brown played a role in paving the way for the civil rights movement of the 1960s. The decision of Brown brought attention to civil rights causes, caused guilt to Northern whites, and inspired many grassroots activists. However many other powerful social and economical forces outweighed the small role Brown played in paving the path for the civil rights movement. 1. What was the role Brown played in the civil rights movement of 1960s? Direct and indirect influences of Brown The influences Brown had on the civil rights movement can be distinguished into two categories; direct influences and indirect influences. Its direct impact on the civil rights movement was school desegregation. Indirect influences, as claimed by many scholars, were varied. These included, giving civil rights issues national attention to Northern whites feeling guilt and to inspiring many grassroots and other activists by legitimizing civil rights causes. When one looks at the influences of Brown to the civil rights movement, the claim seems invalid. The influences, both direct and indirect, were over shadowed by other forces. The decision of Brown had a fairly immediate effect on segregation in the border states and isolated portions of the peripheral South.  [10]  In Kentucky the percentage of black children attending the same school as white children increased from zero (at the time of the first Brown decision in 1954) to 28 percent in 1957-1958 and jumped to 54 percent in 1963-1964.  [11]  In Oklahoma, the figures were zero percent in 1954, 18 percent in 1957-1958, and 28 percent in 1963-1964.  [12]  In 1957-1958 0.09 percent of black children attending school with white children in Arkansas and 1.4 percent in Texas (the small net yield was due to small black populations).  [13]  However, statistics from the rest of the South indicates that Brown had very little immediate effect on school desegregation. For example, in Southern states such as Tennessee and North Carolina, blacks school children attending desegregated schools were 0.12 percent and 0.01 percent in 1959-1960, and 2.7 perce nt 0.54 percent in 1963-1964.  [14]  In the deeper Southern states such as South Carolina, Alabama, and Mississippi, black students did not attend an integrated public grade school in 1962-1963.  [15]  In the South as a whole, only 0.16 percent of black children were attending school with white children in 1959-1960 and this increased only slightly to 1.2 percent in 1963-1964.  [16]  Only in the later parts of 1960s, after the civil rights act of 1964, did desegregation in the south began to increase.  [17]  From these statistics it is apparent that there was little impact from Brown on school desegregation. Only a 1.04 percent increase in blacks and whites attending the same school was seen in four years. Considering that direct influences of Brown being very limited, it is difficult for one to accept that indirect influences of Brown played a significant role. Claimed by many scholars, Brown had brought issues of civil rights to a national audience. However, this was only true to a certain extent. Although Brown had increased attention to civil rights causes in the South, it gained less attention in the North. An opinion poll conducted in the summer of 1955 noted that 60 percent of Southern whites, as opposed to 17 percent of northern whites, had discussed the Supreme Court decision during the week before the decision was made.  [18]  33 percent of Southern whites, compared to six percent of Northern whites, in the same poll considered segregation a more important issue than crime, atomic bombs, and high taxes.  [19]  Media coverage of civil rights events suggests that very little attention was paid to court cases such as Brown. Other civil rights event that produced confrontation and violence were the highlight of civil rights media coverage.  [20]  Examples include the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955-1956, which had little con nection with Browns decision and sit-ins of Greensboro, Alabama.  [21]  In 1952 the New York Times gave relatively more coverage to civil rights issues than in 1954 or 1955 (the years of the first and second Brown decisions).  [22]  Respondents identifying civil rights issues as the nations ultimate problem increased after the bus boycott of Montgomery, Alabama, not by Brown. This increase was insignificant compared to the outburst of public attention to civil rights causes after the demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama during the spring of 1963.  [23]  It is evident that Brown did not gain considerable attention from both Northern and Southern states. It seems that significant attention to civil rights causes were brought by demonstrations such as sit-ins of Greensboro and Montgomery bus boycotts, not by Brown. At the time television sets were first appearing in households. Violent images such as protesters being hit by high-pressure water jets from fire-hoses were bro ad casted over the air.  [24]  This would have likely gained more international support than court cases such as Brown published in newspapers. Another widely accepted claim is that Brown aroused sympathy of Northern whites regarding the cause of civil rights. However, there is little evidence suggesting that Brown was a causation for Northern whites to feel sympathetic to the civil rights causes.  [25]  An opinion poll conducted in July of 1959 reported that only a five percent increase in public support for school desegregation, that Brown promoted, over the preceding five years was seen.  [26]  Congresses willingness to sponsor legislation can be seen as Northern whites feeling sympathetic to civil rights causes. Amount of congressional sponsors for civil rights causes steadily increased through the late 1940s and peaked in 1951-1952. Then it declined through the remainder of the 1950s and reached an all time low in 1959-1960.  [27]  Another indication that there was no significant increase of civil rights consciousness among Northern whites was the willingness of the President and the Senate to see the Eisenh ower administrations 1956-1957 civil rights bill deprive of strength in the upper house.  [28]  Similarly, a study by Ema Lou Thornbroughs Indiana state Legislature proceedings revealed that the legislature discussed more civil rights issues during the 1950s than in the 1940s. But it did not enact meaningful legislation until after the civil rights revolution of the early 1960s.  [29]   One of the most popular and widely accepted assumptions regarding Browns decision was that it legitimized the civil rights causes, increased the hope of its success, and was a catalyst for new activism within the black community.  [30]  Activists in the civil rights movement has given many accounts of Browns significance. For example, Martin Luther King, Jr., declared in 1958 that Brown had brought hope to millions of disinherited Negroes who had formerly dared only dream of freedom..  [31]  Fred Shuttlesworth, leader of the indigenous civil rights movement in Birmingham, notes his role in the movement to Brown. Browns decision, as he remembered, stirred up in me what I knew all the time.  [32]  As Thurgoood Marshall found more people in the South willing to stand up as plaintiffs, they said The federal government is on our side.  [33]  Around sixty desegregation petitions filed by local branches of The National Association for Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to school boards in the deep South in July of 1955.  [34]  This suggest that Brown inspired litigation that challenged state sponsored segregation. Shortly after Brown, in Greensboro, North Carolina, blacks began to desegregate the city golf courses. Also, blacks in Birmingham and Montgomery, Alabama, began to challenge segregation in city parks and public transportation by bringing court suits.  [35]  Not only did Brown assure people the legitimization of civil rights causes, it also stimulated black hope.  [36]  As Robert Jackson, a black history professor at Virginia Union University, notes This is a most exciting moment. I havent seen collective emotion since the day Roosevelt died. A lot of us havent been breathing for the last nine months. But today the students reacted as if a heavy burden had been lifted from their shoulders. They see a new world opening for them and those that follow them.  [37]  One staff member of the NAACP branch in New York recalled that t hey sat there looking at one another. The only emotion that we felt at that moment was awe-every one of us felt it.  [38]  Black leaders were hopeful that Brown would affect race relation in all dimensions of American life.  [39]  Charles Johnson, the President of Fisk University, explained in the summer of 1954, the principal enumeration was not merely that of constitutionality of racial segregationif segregation is unconstitutional in educational institutions, it is no less unconstitutional in other aspects of our national lives..  [40]  Martin Luther King, Jr., and A. Philip Randolph led prayer pilgrimage to Washington D.C., on the anniversary of Brown in the late 1950s, thus proving that blacks regarded Brown as an important symbol.  [41]  It is impossible to measure the legitimizing effect Brown had on the society. Because of this it is difficult for one to either accept or reject the interpretation. However it is not clear that Browns decision was needed for th e legitimization effect on the society. Other forces seem much more likely to have caused this legitimizing effect in the society. When assessing the impact of Brown, both direct and indirect, on the civil rights movement, one can conclude the little significance of Brown. Browns limited impact on school desegregation is widely accepted. However, its indirect contributions such as bringing civil rights issues national attention, causing guilt to Northern whites, and legalizing civil rights causes in the eyes of blacks seems exaggerated. As evidence shows, Brown only brought significant attention to civil rights causes in the South. National attention brought by other civil rights demonstrations such as the famous Montgomery bus boycott and electrifying sit-ins of Greensboro dwarfed that of Brown. The decision of Brown did not arouse significant guilt from the northern whites. As mentioned earlier, only a five percentage increase in public support for civil rights causes were seen after the decision of Brown. It is difficult to either accept or reject the claim of Brown legitimizing civil rights causes in the eye s of blacks. However more plausible factors such as political, economical, and social, that were in effect even before Brown, are much more likely to have effected the view of legitimized civil rights causes and essentially paving the way for the civil rights movement. 2. Postwar forces had relatively large effect on the civil rights movement Shortly after the decision made by the United States Supreme Court, the civil rights movement gained considerable momentum. Key to the quickened civil rights movement was ongoing postwar forces such as rising prosperity, high levels of education, and demographic movements.  [42]  These forces combined promoted expectations from both blacks and whites concerning ways of life including race relations.  [43]  When the effect of these forces are compared with Browns influence on the civil rights movement, it is evident that influence of Brown is exaggerated. Michael Klarman claim that the democratic ideology of World War II and the greater opportunities for political and economical advance that the war afforded had already fostered a civil rights consciousness in most American blacks.  [44]  This is reflected by the comment of a black veteran returning home from the war as he registered to vote:After having been overseas fighting for democracy, I thought that when we got back here we should enjoy a little of it.  [45]  It is evident that there were many effective challenges to civil rights before and during the war. In 1942 blacks in North Carolina issued the Southern Black Declaration of Independence.  [46]  This supported the Fair Employment Practice Committee and initiated actions to put an end to segregation, and inequalities in housing, medicine, and education.  [47]  Also during the war blacks, in Norfolk, Virginia, began to protest segregation in public transportation. They began to join voter leagues, started to p ay taxes in record numbers, and served on war-related boards and councils. Thus increasing black presence in the community they were able to successfully support the appointment of two black police officers into the city police force.  [48]  In the 1940s number of black voters increased from 151,000 to 9000,000.  [49]  By the late 1940s, black candidates were running for public office and occasional winning. In Northern sates, ideology of the war combined with increasing political power of urban blacks, led to the implementation of civil rights laws in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Most of these laws promoted fail employment practices and open public accommodations, and some went far as forbidding segregation in public schools.  [50]  The challenges to Jim Crow that existed prior to war and during was beginning to bear results. There were desegregation of the Montgomery police force, elevators of buildings in Birmingham, juries in Little Rock, department stores and pub lic facilities in Greensboro, public libraries, parks, and swimming pools in Louisville. All in the early 1950s before Brown. Rapidly increasing challenges to Jim Crow such as these during and after the war suggests that Brown was not the first to challenge racial beliefs in the society. Much of the legitimization of civil rights causes, that was perceived as an indirect action of Brown, can be explained through these things mentioned above. Political, economic, and social factors that caused these overall laid much of the groundworks for the civil rights movement. Conclusion After more than five decades it is still difficult to determine the exact role Brown played in paving the way for the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Many scholars claim that indirect influences of Brown played a major role in laying groundworks for the civil rights movement. Other scholars claim that Brown itself was caused by many powerful postwar forces. Most scholars agree that there were three main indirect influences: Brown increased civil rights issues in a national context, caused the Northern whites to feel guilt, and legitimized civil rights issues in the eyes of grassroots activists. After examining the evidence surrounding these indirect influences it seems that they did not contribute much to laying groundworks for the civil rights movement. Evidence suggesting post war forces contributed to the civil rights movement is most plausible. As to question of Browns role in paving the way for the civil rights movement, it is evident that Brown played a relatively small role compared to that of post war forces. Brown itself can be seen as a reflection of swelling postwar forces. These forces since the 1940s have increased optimism in the society and weakened racist beliefs. It is acceptable to claim that Brown did contribute to the civil rights movement. However Browns contributions were dwarfed by those of postwar forces.

Alexander the Great Essay -- Biography

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humanity has known a few distinguished consolidators of civilizations. Alexander the Great is one of them, and the first to accumulate power in his hand beyond any conqueror’s dream. His feats served as guidelines for other rulers like Cesar Augustus and Napoleon, who, by means of outstanding military prowess, conquered and ruled most of the civilized world of their times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander was born in 356 B.C., as the son of King Philip II and Olympias. He was taught by the great philosopher, Aristotle, inspiring him in the fields of, philosophy and medicine. Although he had a broader view of humanity than that of Aristotle’s perception, that all non-Greeks, should be treated as slaves. Alexander, after the death of his father, King Philip II in 336 BC, was to become the next king of Macedonia at the tender age of 20. Although young, Alexander was determined and willing to become the next great king of Macedonia. Because of his young age Greek cities, who had pledged loyalty to his father, were not certain that they wanted to allow a twenty-year-old boy to lead a kingdom. Also, barbarians from the north and west, whom Philip had repressed, were becoming a threat to Macedonia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Those close to Alexander had recommended that he let Athens and Thebes go and be careful with the barbarians to prevent them from rebelling. Alexander however, had other plans. So he proceeded north, and drove the barbarians past the Danube River. The rumor of Alexander’s supposed death, were being spread throughout Athens and Thebes, claiming that it was the moment for them to disconnect from Macedonia. Infuriated by these rumors, Alexander showed up at the gates of Thebes, in 335 B.C., only to find the refusal of surrender by the Thebans. The Thebans sent a small body of soldiers, with whom Alexander sent his own of archers and infantry. The following day, Alexander's general, Perdiccas, attacked the gates. The Macedonians then rushed into the city, killing almost everyone in sight, including women and children. They continued on and burned the entire city of Thebes to the ground. This display proved as an example to the rest of Greece. Athens quickly rethought their decision of before to not follow Alexander, and chose to come to terms with their new leader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander was determined to achieve the dream of his father, the takeover of the Persian Empire. T... ...ly three quarters of his army to starvation and the harsh conditions of the desert. When the survivors reached the region called Carmania, their fortune changed dramatically as they were welcomed into the prosperous land. Alexander and his men celebrated the end of their ordeal in the desert and traveled in luxury to Harmezeia, where they rejoined Nearchus and his soldiers. Then the whole army marched inland to Persis to rest. In 324 B.C.E., Alexander furthered his mission to assimilate Macedonian and Persian cultures when he arranged thousands of marriages between the Greek soldiers and Persian women in Susa. Alexander himself took a second wife, Stateira, one of Darius' daughters. In the spring of the same year while Alexander's army was stationed in Ecbatana, his best friend, Hephaestion, died of a fever. He was overcome with grief, and he consoled himself by leading a campaign against a tribe of brigands called the Cossaeans. The next year, Alexander traveled with his men to Babylon despite numerous threatening omens. The omens were so frequent and ominous that Alexander feared that he had fallen out of favor with the gods. He died of a fever on June 10, 323 B.C.E. Alexander the Great Essay -- Biography   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humanity has known a few distinguished consolidators of civilizations. Alexander the Great is one of them, and the first to accumulate power in his hand beyond any conqueror’s dream. His feats served as guidelines for other rulers like Cesar Augustus and Napoleon, who, by means of outstanding military prowess, conquered and ruled most of the civilized world of their times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander was born in 356 B.C., as the son of King Philip II and Olympias. He was taught by the great philosopher, Aristotle, inspiring him in the fields of, philosophy and medicine. Although he had a broader view of humanity than that of Aristotle’s perception, that all non-Greeks, should be treated as slaves. Alexander, after the death of his father, King Philip II in 336 BC, was to become the next king of Macedonia at the tender age of 20. Although young, Alexander was determined and willing to become the next great king of Macedonia. Because of his young age Greek cities, who had pledged loyalty to his father, were not certain that they wanted to allow a twenty-year-old boy to lead a kingdom. Also, barbarians from the north and west, whom Philip had repressed, were becoming a threat to Macedonia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Those close to Alexander had recommended that he let Athens and Thebes go and be careful with the barbarians to prevent them from rebelling. Alexander however, had other plans. So he proceeded north, and drove the barbarians past the Danube River. The rumor of Alexander’s supposed death, were being spread throughout Athens and Thebes, claiming that it was the moment for them to disconnect from Macedonia. Infuriated by these rumors, Alexander showed up at the gates of Thebes, in 335 B.C., only to find the refusal of surrender by the Thebans. The Thebans sent a small body of soldiers, with whom Alexander sent his own of archers and infantry. The following day, Alexander's general, Perdiccas, attacked the gates. The Macedonians then rushed into the city, killing almost everyone in sight, including women and children. They continued on and burned the entire city of Thebes to the ground. This display proved as an example to the rest of Greece. Athens quickly rethought their decision of before to not follow Alexander, and chose to come to terms with their new leader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander was determined to achieve the dream of his father, the takeover of the Persian Empire. T... ...ly three quarters of his army to starvation and the harsh conditions of the desert. When the survivors reached the region called Carmania, their fortune changed dramatically as they were welcomed into the prosperous land. Alexander and his men celebrated the end of their ordeal in the desert and traveled in luxury to Harmezeia, where they rejoined Nearchus and his soldiers. Then the whole army marched inland to Persis to rest. In 324 B.C.E., Alexander furthered his mission to assimilate Macedonian and Persian cultures when he arranged thousands of marriages between the Greek soldiers and Persian women in Susa. Alexander himself took a second wife, Stateira, one of Darius' daughters. In the spring of the same year while Alexander's army was stationed in Ecbatana, his best friend, Hephaestion, died of a fever. He was overcome with grief, and he consoled himself by leading a campaign against a tribe of brigands called the Cossaeans. The next year, Alexander traveled with his men to Babylon despite numerous threatening omens. The omens were so frequent and ominous that Alexander feared that he had fallen out of favor with the gods. He died of a fever on June 10, 323 B.C.E.

Pepperoni Pizza Essay

My favorite food is pepperoni pizza. I believe my father’s pepperoni pizza is the best and most delicious pizza in the whole wide world. I love everything about my dad’s pizza but what I love the most is the smell, the exquisite taste and the fact that it is an affordable meal. Just by looking at the slice of pizza on my plate makes me hungry. The dazzling cheese dripping down the crust and the red spicy pepperoni dancing on the top of the melted cheese drives me crazy. The smell is priceless; the crisp baked crust with warm melting mozzarella cheese and sweet rich ripe tomato sauce makes my nose want to inhale the whole pizza. When I take the first bite of the luscious pizza I feel a party of flavors celebrating in my mouth. I also enjoy eating peperoni pizza because it is such a practical and affordable meal. It is not expensive to buy a pizza from Pizza Hut, or to even cook one at home. It is a really easy to put an entire meal together with a pizza. I have three choices when it comes to getting a pizza; I can order one, I can go to Pizza Hut and eat there, or my best personal favorite option, I can ask my father to bake one. His pizzas are the picture perfect scene that literally invites you to take a bite. The flavor that never fails, and the touch of love my father adds to my plate, make his pizza my favorite thing to eat in the whole wide world.

Barriers Erected By Health Care Systems

Health is fully available in every moment as one of the most accessible of life’s biological forces. Health is a feeling of basic and fundamental goodness, wholeness and uncompromising strength. Health care systems are designed to help maintain the health of individuals by eliminating disease, illness or injury from the body system. However there are barriers that limit health care systems from achieving their goals. The barriers may include shortage of health workers, unaffordable health care services, lack of health care equipments.Shortage of health workers in hospitals especially during weekends occurs because of inadequate funding which compromises the ability of providers to provide a quality and affordable health care services. Some of the barriers of health care are erected by our divisive and dualistic western culture, others by our own habits to separate rather than unify. Making health care affordable is one way of eliminating most barriers of health care this ensur es that every one can visit a health center or clinic without fear of being overcharged.Setting up health savings accounts (HSAs) gives workers the opportunity to save tax-free routine expenses, the security of insurance against major illnesses and the freedom of knowing you can take your account with you whenever you change jobs. Barriers erected by health care personnel Shortage of health care personnel /workers creates a barrier to accessing quality health care. Quality health cares are services offered by people caring for other people. Patients and the general public are unaware of this critical problem and always blame the health workers for insufficiency.Recently accompanied by grand mother for her appointment to the hospital and I was very disappointed, we reported very early for her check up since she was using a pace maker for breathing, we had to wait for three hours before being attended. This was very frustrating. I thought this was worse but and elderly man was brought to the waiting bay with epilepsy. He was convulsing after every two minutes but no one seemed to notice. The nurses and other workers seemed so busy taking care of other patience so we assumed they were ignoring those on the waiting bay.Barriers created by health care systems In most health centers of hospitals health care equipments are insufficient. This results to poor health care administration many patients die due to lack of special equipments and drugs. I went for my practical in a certain health center and witnessed and elderly woman die from muscular dystrophy. This is a rare disease with very devastating symptoms. Her muscles would contract and remain in situ and this affected her breathing patterns. The doctor said there were ho resources to treat her unless if transferred to a state hospital.Her family could not afford to transfer her to a bigger facility. In such situations the public tends to blame the health worker for insufficiency and at times negligence. The state should be responsible for funding health care centers and hospitals to provide enough resources, equipments and drugs. Lack of affordable health insurance policies is also to blame in this case because if this patient had health insurance, she would access health care services from any health facility. Plans to change the barriers to reflect an environment of wellnessRising health care costs are imposing a burden on families and small businesses and put health coverage out of the reach of many Americans. Employing more health workers makes health care provision easier and better. This ensures that the ratio of health workers to patients is even. Reducing the rising costs of health care while improving quality and safety, makes health care accessible to more people especially those with minimum wages. Having a free health centre or clinic in every poor country in America. This will ensure that the jobless also have access to quality health care.This will increase the number of peopl e served by health centers by approximately 35%. Fighting health care fraud and waste by cutting wasteful spending out the Medicare and Medicaid programme. Affordable health cares for low-income families and individuals. High healthcare costs are the reason why many Americans are not insured. The state could help them by contributing to buy their insurance. Affordable health cares for all children. This ensures that all children are born in hospitals and immunized immediately after birth.Association Health Plans (AHPs) for civic groups and other community organizations. Local groups should be allowed to bond together through their regional or national organizations to negotiate low-priced coverage for their members. Maternal child health care should be improved and made affordable to reduce child and maternal mortality rates. This should be coupled with decreased post partum stays to an average of seven days. Hospitals should not overcharge patients for long stays in the wards. They should aim at providing affordable quality services to all patients.Public health awareness should be encouraged to educate the public on the importance of buying health insurance, routine medical checkups and the importance of vaccinations. National market place to shop for health insurance should be established, individual consumers should have the freedom to shop for health insurance in a competitive market place across the state lines to increase the availability of health care coverage and drive down costs. State run insurance pools to help low income Americans get the most of their credits. Free health care for all children should be established.Strengthening competition between generic and brand name drugs will help American consumers save more than $35 billion in drug cost over the next 10 years. There should be more school-based enrollment where parents are informed of the availability of health coverage for the children through medicaid. Grants to faith based and communit y organizations to join with their state medicaid To enroll targeted low-income children. Home visitation should be encouraged and enough funding put into this policy to provide transport and enough medication for the home visits.This should be coupled by the strengthening of the community follow up for the mothers and newborns by public health nurses. Direct accountability for implementation should be assigned by the policy to public health care professionals who believe in the initiative. The support of public health practitioners who advocate for this approach is required for implementation. . How the book changed my personal thinking The book changed my thinking by making me realize that the public is very ignorant to routine check ups such as pap smears, breast examination and eye check ups.Our attitude towards health workers especially nurses and doctors determine how we receive health services. Some people believe that doctors should be men with big bodies and so if treated b y female doctors, they have a negative attitude. We should always be positive about the treatment we receive. It quickens the recovery process. Giving them incentives allowances should motivate health workers or salary increments to encourage them provide better quality health services. In the hospital sector, a major barrier, which appears to have influenced implementations, is that of organizational context.These include lack of beds to allow for longer stays in hospitals and lack of funding to purchase hospital equipments. Direct funding flowed to heath units targeted for provision of special health services, eliminates barriers of health resources and medical equipments. The book made me realize that acquiring health insurances made it cheaper to access health care services. Public health units should receive additional recourses to provide a service they have long wanted to offer to the community and should be trained to provide it professionally. ConclusionPolicy enactment is sometimes in adequate to stimulate practice changes and barrier elimination in health care systems. However policy as a tool must thoughtfully address the organizational, professional and social contexts within which it is to be implemented. To reflect an environment of wellness, all players need to be included. Consumers need to know about health policies and should be informed about their health care options. Policy implementation in any health care system relies upon provider commitment. Providers, consumers and policy makers share the common goal of positive health outcomes.Consumers of health care need to be informed and prepared to hold both providers and policy makers accountable in the making and implementing of health policy. Providers must be convinced that the policy can be implemented and that the outcome will be positive. While health care is often described, as a product health services are fundamentally people caring for other people, therefore, health workers must be devoted to their work to serve and treat patients equally despite of their financial status or racial backgrounds.When barriers to policy implementations exist the policy may fail to meet its objectives to achieve quality affordable and accessible health care services. Health care should be made accessible by ensuring that every county has a health facility or a clinic to serve the community members. All health facilities should charge minimum fees to ensure that all individuals are able to visit health centers without fear of being overcharged. Health workers such as nurses and doctors should be encouraged to be polite and friendly to all patients despite the type of their conditions.Doctors should be encouraged to diagnose a patient’s condition well before prescribing any form of treatment. This ensures that patients are treated for the illnesses. Health system administrations must be established to serve every patient equally despite their races or financial affordability . Health care systems must be designed in such a way that they are able to treat any form of disease or illness. Crucial medical equipments should be provided to the hospitals by the state to make-work more efficient and also to save more lives.This is because patients won’t need to be transferred to bigger facilities for treatment. Health care administration systems should encourage the health workers to encourage both patients and the public to buy health insurance so as to make assessing quality health care easier and cheaper for them and their families. For health care provision to be efficient the general public should be involved in decision-making concerning the health system. REFERENCES Milio, N (1988). Primary care and the public’s health; Ann Arbor, Michigan, university press.

How To Write A Research Proposal Guidelines And Advices - Paperell.com

How To Write A Research Proposal Guidelines And Advices How To Write A Research Proposal: Guidelines And Advices When students begin to work on a research proposal, they often do not understand what it exactly means. And sometimes, some of them cannot realize the importance of this paper. A research proposal is like a characterization of a study that is created to explore a given problem. Students usually write it to convince others that they have a big and relevant project and they also have enough knowledge and work-plan to finish it. What is its purpose? In most cases, this proposal has to be addressed the following questions: what do you plan to commit, why do you want to do it, and the way you are going to do it. You must answer these questions in your proposal regardless of what you are studying or chosen methodology. The main aim of this work is to show essential concepts.The Structure of The Research Proposal What Do You Need to KnowA general structure of such paper consists of seven sections and below we will give you a short description of each to help you see how your whole work sho uld look. Title. A title should be definitive and descriptive, and it also should give enough information about your article. You need to revisit the title after you have done the article to make sure that it is related to the topic you have chosen. Abstract. It is a short brief that is about 300 words long. It usually includes the main question of your research, the hypothesis, the background and the method of your study. You can describe the procedures, design and the instruments you are going to use and you can give some samples if you want to. Introduction. In the introduction, you need to give the background information and make a kind of framework for your investigation. With the help of it, your readers should understand the relationship between it and your research. Here you write about the purpose of your research, at this stage it can seem that it is quite similar to that in the research paper outline but keep in mind that it has some different features. While writing an i ntroduction, you need to begin with a statement. It is an essential of the construction of your proposal. You need to figure out your question or problem systematically, show the importance of your study, and you can also say something about the priority of this research in your country or a region if this problem needs to be solved. Here you provide the context for your research. Objectives. The objectives of your proposal are the main aims you need to achieve during your study, these objectives can be general and specific. A general objective is what you need to commit to your project and a specific objective usually relates to specific questions which you need to answer in your study. Variables. Now you should identify the key variables of your investigation. There can be independent, dependent, confounding, and background variables: independent variables are something like risk factor, input, characteristic or attribute. Dependent variables are the variables, which can change a result of a level of the independent variables, they are like an effect or an outcome. Confounding variables can mix the effect of the independent variables. And the background variables are about the investigations of particular groups or populations. The characteristics you use must be always clearly figured out for the main aim of your study. Questions and hypotheses. If you have enough information about the main topic you study, you can formulate the hypotheses – they can be described as a prediction or explanation about the relationship between the variables. What about a hypothesis? A hypothesis shows the prediction of the expected outcome and the depth of your knowledge, experience, and creativity. You can use a hypothesis or not use it – this matter depends on different factors like the main aim of your study, your methodology, and your audience. Methodology. The methodology is always important because it will inform the research Committee about your original p lan to handle the problem you work within your research. Like in a dissertation proposal, you should give the clear and concise information for understanding by the reader which methodology you have chosen. Thus, methodology is an important section of your work.These Tips Can Help You To Make Your Research Proposal SuccessfulHow to handle this task excellently? It won’t be simple. However, writing a brilliant proposal will not be a big problem if you follow these tips:Provide a proper context to figure out a study question;Limit the borders of your study to avoid giving excess information;Give some landmark studies examples;Present both theoretical and empirical additions by other scholars and their studies;Don’t forget to be focused on the main question of your research;Give a clear argument for your investigation;Do not give too much details, especially when you write about some minor issues and, on the contrary, give enough details about some major issues;Do not giv e too many citations and incorrect notes;Control the lengths of your article. It should not be too long or too short;Always follow the APA style.We hope these tips will be helpful for you when you prepare your research article. It is not easy, but quite real if you follow a proper structure and remember the main aim of your study.